Bed$tuy🇭🇹
Basic Instructions Before Leaving Earth 🇭🇹
This recent translation of one of the Quranic commentaries of Ibn Kathir (14th c.) contains the true background of the biblical exodus and followers of the leader Moses or ‘Amr Muzaikiya, son of Amru, from Ma’rib in Saba (Sheba) and how he and his prophetess Himyarite wife (Zarifah/Tarifah or “Ziphorah”) had prophesied the dam’s collapse. The tribe of Lukham or Lakhm mentioned in the passage were ancestors of the Lakhmids who moved into southern Iraq only in the 3rd century AD emigrating from Yemen only in the 2nd century.
According to historian Moshe Gil the Lakhmids are associated with the founding of the town of Bethlehem in Syria after they arrived. He wrote: “…Ibn al Jawzi, Muntazam, VII, 54 (sec. 73) who mentions that Lakhm is a tribe that lived in Yaman and in al Sham and its name is linked with that of Bethlehem (Bayt Lakhm), the birthplace of Jesus. Similarly in ibn Taghri Bardi, IV, 59, the name of the place is not Bayt Lahm, but Bayt Lakhm, lest doubts should arise about the connection between Bethlehem and the Lakhm tribe.” (See Gil, 1997, p. 132, fn. 127).
The Byzantine Copts referred to them as Lahim. The Banu Lakhm of Bahrein (Persian Gulf) and Hira in Mesopotamia (south of Kufa in Iraq) moved from Yemen only in the 2nd century. By tradition the Lakhmids or Banu Lakhum//Lakhem were the earliest of the Azd to move from Yemen into those regions.
In fact the Arabian tradition links the eponymic ancestor of the tribe of Banu Lakhm to the name of the biblical people Huzal, Hadoram, Al Mirth’ad (or Almodad?) and Baalam who appears as Lokman the Adite in Arabian tradition, who were all considered “Adite”, “Amalekite” or “Sabaean” chiefs of the Qahtan from Yemen settling in the Hijaz.
The time period to which these chiefs lived according to most accounts is some time in the 2nd millennium B.C., or else the time of David, Goliath and Solomon and it was thus said that “Lokman allakber dispatched Marsad b. A’fyr, with Kyl b. Ghafar, and Lakym B. Hezal and Jehlah b. A’fyry, with many other chiefs of the people, to Mekkah to pray for rain. At that time the descendants of Tasm b. Lawuz, brother of A’mlyk, as well as the descendants of Jadys b. A’aber b. Arem b. Sam b. Nuh who were likewise A’adites, resided in Yemamah, which bore the name of Jaww, whilst the descendants of A’mlyk b. Lawuz b. Sam b. Nuh dwelt in Mekkah” (Rehatsen, 1869, p. 209).
In a Dictionary of the Bible we read:
“…The other chief Joktanite kingdom was that of Hijaz, founded by Jurhum, the brother of Yaarub who left the Yemen and settled in the neighborhood of Mecca. .. the name of their leader, and that of two of his successors was Mudad ( or El Mudad) who probably represents Almodad{Almodad]. Ishmael, according to the Arabs married a daughter of the first Mudad, whence sprang’ Adnan the ancestor of Mohammed. ..Fresnel cites an Arab author who identifies Jurhum with the Hadoram.” (See Smith. 1872, p. 141).
According to historian Moshe Gil the Lakhmids are associated with the founding of the town of Bethlehem in Syria after they arrived. He wrote: “…Ibn al Jawzi, Muntazam, VII, 54 (sec. 73) who mentions that Lakhm is a tribe that lived in Yaman and in al Sham and its name is linked with that of Bethlehem (Bayt Lakhm), the birthplace of Jesus. Similarly in ibn Taghri Bardi, IV, 59, the name of the place is not Bayt Lahm, but Bayt Lakhm, lest doubts should arise about the connection between Bethlehem and the Lakhm tribe.” (See Gil, 1997, p. 132, fn. 127).
The Byzantine Copts referred to them as Lahim. The Banu Lakhm of Bahrein (Persian Gulf) and Hira in Mesopotamia (south of Kufa in Iraq) moved from Yemen only in the 2nd century. By tradition the Lakhmids or Banu Lakhum//Lakhem were the earliest of the Azd to move from Yemen into those regions.
In fact the Arabian tradition links the eponymic ancestor of the tribe of Banu Lakhm to the name of the biblical people Huzal, Hadoram, Al Mirth’ad (or Almodad?) and Baalam who appears as Lokman the Adite in Arabian tradition, who were all considered “Adite”, “Amalekite” or “Sabaean” chiefs of the Qahtan from Yemen settling in the Hijaz.
The time period to which these chiefs lived according to most accounts is some time in the 2nd millennium B.C., or else the time of David, Goliath and Solomon and it was thus said that “Lokman allakber dispatched Marsad b. A’fyr, with Kyl b. Ghafar, and Lakym B. Hezal and Jehlah b. A’fyry, with many other chiefs of the people, to Mekkah to pray for rain. At that time the descendants of Tasm b. Lawuz, brother of A’mlyk, as well as the descendants of Jadys b. A’aber b. Arem b. Sam b. Nuh who were likewise A’adites, resided in Yemamah, which bore the name of Jaww, whilst the descendants of A’mlyk b. Lawuz b. Sam b. Nuh dwelt in Mekkah” (Rehatsen, 1869, p. 209).
In a Dictionary of the Bible we read:
“…The other chief Joktanite kingdom was that of Hijaz, founded by Jurhum, the brother of Yaarub who left the Yemen and settled in the neighborhood of Mecca. .. the name of their leader, and that of two of his successors was Mudad ( or El Mudad) who probably represents Almodad{Almodad]. Ishmael, according to the Arabs married a daughter of the first Mudad, whence sprang’ Adnan the ancestor of Mohammed. ..Fresnel cites an Arab author who identifies Jurhum with the Hadoram.” (See Smith. 1872, p. 141).