IMO all conflict resolution goes out the window once someone puts hands on you.
We don't live in a fair world.
Some school cop breaks my son's arm, chokes him out, or slams him to the ground for defending himself. Imma have a problem.
A kid was throwing stuff at my daughter, and she grabbed him by both ears and screamed in his face until she was outta breath. Scared the fuck outta the little boy, but she was so shaken up she had to be picked up and didn't want to go to school for several days.
I know my kids will defend themselves, but I would prefer them to go to a responsible adult, and if they can't find one, let me know. And I'll go to bat for them. But I do not want them trying to match energy with some silly ass kid who think shit is funny or a game.
So unless my children are in danger they feel the can not walk away from, I always tell them to find an adult, or just flat out leave the classroom. And go to the office themselves. I'd rather that than a fight, and I have no problem backing them from removing themselves from a volatile situation.
My son is a 3 sport athlete with a 4.0 on the principals honor roll. I do not want him fucking that up cuz a fight with some kid who couldn't keep their hands to themselves. If you see them as a threat you can't control, yes... Defend yourself at all costs. But if you KNOW this is some silly shit you can walk away from... Fuck them kids, get outta there. And let me know. I will step in.
It's just not as simple as "hit them back" and again parents flat out REFUSE to see it that way.